STORIES · RESEARCH · NEWS

STORIES &
RESEARCH.

Honest reads on music, the brain and everyday performance - gathered by our team for anyone curious enough to dig in.

UPCOMING EVENT

SINECO: LAUNCH EVENT

THURSDAY 24 SEPTEMBER · 5-8PM · CAMPFIELD HOUSE, MANCHESTER

Tech, music and human biology come together for a new kind of adaptive listening experience. Sponsored by Exchange and Parallel Music Conference '26.

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THE SCIENCE

THE SCIENCE BEHIND THE SOUND.

Published evidence informing how Sineco connects music, movement and physiology.

139 STUDIES

MUSIC IN EXERCISE

3,599 PARTICIPANTS

META-ANALYTIC EVIDENCE

18 STUDIES REVIEWED

ADAPTIVE MUSIC SYSTEMS

RHYTHM & MOVEMENT

CONTROLLED STUDY · N=19

CADENCE-MATCHED AUDIO EXTENDED TIME TO EXHAUSTION

Runners continued for longer with both cadence-matched music and a metronome than without audio. The study found no significant difference between the two audio conditions.

15:0010:005:000:00

NO SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCE

10:24
12:13
12:26
NO AUDIOMATCHED MUSICMETRONOME

Single treadmill study; individual responses may vary.

Bood et al. (2013) · PLOS ONEREAD →

MUSIC & PHYSIOLOGY

META-ANALYSIS · 139 STUDIES

MUSIC CAN CHANGE HOW EXERCISE FEELS

Across 139 studies involving 3,599 participants, music was associated with more positive feelings, improved physical performance, reduced perceived exertion and better oxygen efficiency.

BENEFICIAL EFFECT SIZE (g)

AFFECTIVE VALENCE
0.48
PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE
0.31
PERCEIVED EXERTION
0.22
OXYGEN CONSUMPTION
0.15
HEART RATE
0.07
-0.500.51.0

Heart rate is used by Sineco as an input signal; the research does not establish that music directly changes heart rate.

Terry et al. (2020) · Psychological BulletinREAD →

ADAPTIVE MUSIC

SYSTEMATIC REVIEW · 18 STUDIES

PROMISING, NOT YET CONCLUSIVE

A review of 18 personalised interactive music studies found promising effects on physical activity and emotional experience. Results varied between participants, reinforcing the need for adaptive systems that learn what works for each person.

EFFECT SIZE (g) WITH 95% CI

PHYSICAL ACTIVITY

g=0.49 · 95% CI 0.07-0.91

AFFECTIVE VALENCE

g=1.65 · 95% CI 0.35-2.96

PERCEIVED EXERTION

g=0.72 · 95% CI -0.13-1.58 · NS

PHYSICAL EXERTION

g=0.78 · 95% CI -0.55-2.11 · NS

-2-10123

Promising findings; larger controlled studies are still needed.

Danso et al. (2025) · JMIR Human FactorsREAD →

WHAT SINECO IS TESTING

Published evidence informs the hypotheses. Sineco then validates them using held-out real-world data and consented live trials.

PUBLISHED
EVIDENCE

MODEL
PRE-TRAINING

HELD-OUT
REAL DATA

CONSENTED
LIVE TRIALS

Research includes Spence (2011), Bood et al. (2013), Terry et al. (2020), Williams et al. (2020) and Danso et al. (2025). Each study above links to its published paper.

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